Sources

Sources

  • US Constitution

  • Statutes:

    • Sections 701 and 731 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended

    • Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974

    • Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974

    • Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962

    • International Emergency Economic Powers Act

    • Arms Export Control Act

    • Export Control Reform Act

  • Regulations:

    • 19 CFR Part 351– Antidumping and Countervailing Duties

  • Presidential Directives and Releases:

    • The White House, Fact Sheet: Biden-⁠Harris Administration Takes Action to Strengthen American Solar Manufacturing and Protect Manufacturers and Workers from China’s Unfair Trade Practices (May 16, 2024).

    • Presidential Proclamation 10414, Declaration of Emergency and Authorization for Temporary Extensions of Time and Duty-Free Importation of Solar Cells and Modules From Southeast Asia, (June 6, 2022).

    • Proclamation 10399, To Facilitate Positive Adjustment to Competition From Imports of Certain Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells (Whether or Not Partially or Fully Assembled Into Other Products) and for Other Purpose, 87 FR 7357 (February 9, 2022).

    • Presidential Proclamation 9980, Adjusting Imports of Derivative Aluminum Articles and Derivative Steel Articles Into the United States, 85 FR 5281 (January 29, 2020)

    • Presidential Proclamation 9705, Adjusting Imports of Steel into the United States, 83 FR 11625 (March 15, 2018).

    • Presidential Proclamation 9704, Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States (March 8, 2018).

    • Presidential Proclamation 9693, To Facilitate Positive Adjustment to Competition From Imports of Certain Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells (Whether or Not Partially or Fully Assembled Into Other Products) and for Other Purpose, 83 FR 3541 (January 23, 2018).

    • The White House, Memorandum from President Donald J. Trump to the Secretary of Commerce on Steel Imports and Threats to National Security,  April 20, 2017.  

  • Federal Register Notices:

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Request for Comments on Proposed Modifications and Machinery Exclusion Process in Four-Year Review of Actions Taken in the Section 301 Investigation: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation, 89 FR 46252 (May 29, 2024).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Initiation of Section 301 Investigation: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Targeting the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance, 89 FR 29424 (April 22, 2024).

    • US Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Enforcement and Compliance, Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Orders on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, Whether or Not Assembled Into Modules, From the People’s Republic of China: Final Scope Determination and Final Affirmative Determinations of Circumvention With Respect to Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, 88 FR 57419, (August 23, 2023).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Notice of Modification of Section 301 Action, 85 FR 3741 (January 22, 2020).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Notice of Modification of Section 301 Action, 84 FR 43304 (August 20, 2019). 

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Additional Implementing Modification to Section 301 Action, 84 FR 26930 (June 10, 2019).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Implementing Modification to Section 301 Action, 84 FR 21892 (May 15, 2019).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Notice of Modification of Section 301 Action, 84 FR 20459 (May 9, 2019). 

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Notice of Modification of Section 301 Action, 84 FR 7966 (March 5, 2019).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Notice of Modification of Section 301 Action, 83 FR 65198 (December 19, 2018).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Notice of Modification of Section 301 Action, 83 FR 47974 (September 21, 2018).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Notice of Action Pursuant to Section 301, 83 FR 40823 (August 16, 2018).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Procedures To Consider Requests for Exclusion of Particular Products From the Determination of Action Pursuant to Section 301: China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation, 83 FR 32181 (July 11, 2018).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Notice of Action and Request for Public Comment Concerning Proposed Determination of Action Pursuant to Section 301, 83 FR 28710 (June 20, 2018).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Notice of Determination and Request for Public Comment Concerning Proposed Determination of Action Pursuant to Section 301: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation, 83 FR 14906 (April 6, 2018).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Request for Comments and Public Hearing About the  Administration’s Action Following a Determination of Import Injury With Regard to Certain Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, 82 FR 49469 (October 25, 2017)

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Initiation of Section 301 Investigation; Hearing; and Request for Public Comments: China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation, 82 FR 40213 (August 24, 2017).

    • Bureau of Industry and Security, US Department of Commerce, Notice Request for Public Comments and Public Hearing on Section 232 National Security Investigation of Imports of Steel, 82 FR 19205 (April 26, 2017).

  • Agency Reports and Releases:

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, The People's Republic of China, China Trade & Investment Summary (accessed July 31, 2024).

    • US Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Enforcement and Compliance, Data Visualization: AD/CVD Proceedings (accessed July 31, 2024).

    • US Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, US Products Subject to Foreign Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Measures (accessed July 31, 2024).

    • US Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Foreign Retaliations Database (accessed July 31, 2024).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Fact Sheet: President Biden Takes Action to Protect American Workers and Businesses from China’s Unfair Trade Practices (May 14, 2024).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Four-Year Review of Actions Taken in the Section 301  Investigation: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation (May 14, 2024).

    • US Department of Commerce, US Census Bureau, Economic Indicators Division, International Trade, A Profile of US Importing and Exporting Companies, 2021-2022; Release Number CB24-48 (April 4, 2024).

    • US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service, Agricultural Trade, (updated February 16, 2024). 

    • Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, Annual Report to Congress, Report Period: CY 2022 (August 2023).

    • US International Trade Commission, Economic Impact of Section 232 and 301 Tariffs on US Industries,  (March 2023, Corrected May 2023).

    • US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, The Economic Impact of Retaliatory Tariffs on US Agriculture, (January 2022).

    • US International Trade Commission, Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells (Whether or not Partially or Fully Assembled into Other Products), Publication 5266 (December 2021).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, Section 201 Cases: Imported Large Residential Washing Machines and Imported Solar Cells and Modules, Fact Sheet (January 22, 2018).

    • US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security, The Effect of Imports of Steel on the National Security (January 11, 2018).

    • US International Trade Commission, Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells (Whether or not Partially or Fully Assembled into Other Products), Publication 4739 (November 2017).  

    • US International Trade Commission, A Centennial History of the USITC, USITC Publication 4744 (November 2017).

    • Office of the United States Trade Representative, USTR Announces Initiation of Section 301 Investigation of China, USTR Press Release (August 18, 2017).

  • Congressional Reports:

    • Congressional Research Service Report R48052, US Sanctions on Russia: Legal Authorities and Related Actions (April 26, 2024).

    • Congressional Research Service Report R45618, The International Emergency Economic Powers Act: Origins, Evolution, and Use (January 30, 2024).

    • Congressional Research Service, Escalating US Tariffs: Affected Trade, (updated January 29, 2020).

  • World Trade Organization:

    • World Trade Organization, Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,1994.

    • World Trade Organization, Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

    • World Trade Organization, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 2, Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (April 15, 1994).

    • World Trade Organization, A Summary of the Final Act of the Uruguay Round, Agreement on Safeguards (accessed on July 31, 2024).

    • World Trade Organization, DS543: United States—Tariff Measures on Certain Goods from China.

    • World Trade Organization, DS544: United States — Certain Measures on Steel and Aluminum Products.

  • Other:

    • Office of the Prime Minister of Canada, Prime Minister Trudeau responds to steel and aluminum tariffs imposed by the United States (May 31, 2018). 

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